In addition to Persian vowels, Pashto has ئ, ې, ۀ, and ۍ for additional vowels and diphthongs. The consonant /ɡ/ is written as either ګ or گ. Similarly, the letters representing retroflex consonants are written with a small circle (known as a "panḍak", "ğaṛwanday" or "skəṇay") attached underneath the corresponding dental consonants. Pashto has several letters which do not appear in any other Perso-Arabic scripts, which are shown in the table below:Īll the additional characters are derived from existing Arabic letters by adding diacritics for example, the consonants x̌īn/ṣ̌īn and ǵe/ẓ̌e look like Arabic's sīn and re respectively with a dot above and beneath. Pashto uses all 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, and shares 3 letters ( چ, پ, and ژ) with Persian in the additional letters.ĭifferences from Persian alphabet It originated in the 16th century through the works of Pir Roshan.įorm Two of the special Pashto letters: x̌in/ṣ̌in (left) and ǵē/ẓ̌e (right) The Pashto alphabet ( Pashto: پښتو الفبې, romanized: Pəx̌tó alfbâye) is the right-to-left abjad-based alphabet developed from the Arabic script, used for the Pashto language in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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